“One easy-to-do activity that is easily embedded during most routines is sticking your tongue out,” said Elizabeth Criswell, an early childhood curriculum developer at the University of Minnesota’s Institute of Child Development. “You can model sticking your tongue out at different angles during diaper changes or play time and allow space and time for your baby to do it back to you.”

The gesture is a helpful way to encourage children around the 3-month mark to practice tongue control, which can help with eating and speech development. It also enables parents to begin communicating with their infants.

Tummy time is valuable for babies up through 6 months, not only to develop physical strength and coordination but as a great way to interact. Lie next to the baby or face them.

Share stories and let baby look in the mirror, or bring in toys to play with, said Rebecca Parlakian, senior director of programs at Zero to Three. The organization produces early childhood development materials and advocates for early learning.

Gather scraps of fabrics that have different textures and let baby explore them while you supervise. The scraps should be at least six inches by six inches long. Describe the fabrics to your child, as they are learning through their senses.

Exposing them to rich descriptive language now helps them develop a strong vocabulary later on, too, Parlakian added.

Toddlers between 2 and 3 years old will love sorting various items around the house into piles of “big” and “little” items.

The game teaches children the words and concepts of big and little, helps them think about size, and supports early math skills, like the early stages of understanding measurement, Parlakian explained.

Babies develop millions of neural pathways each day that are used throughout their lives to receive information, and music helps stimulate them.

The pathways help a child with language, cognitive, social, and emotional development, said Brenda Berdugo Limaldi, a Music Together instructor from New Jersey. She advises parents to expose the baby to different types of music that vary in tone and meter.

When you sing, make sure to hold the baby close and exaggerate your mouth’s movements — especially when singing songs without words. Also, validate the baby’s responses by imitating him or her, as the positive reinforcement encourages more spontaneous sound and movement activity, which is how your baby learns.

Be sure to play fast and slow songs, sing loudly and softly, and use high and low notes. Rock and bounce to the beat of a song, too, Berdugo Limaldi said.

This game helps babies develop object permanence, which means they know an object exists even if they can’t see it. Both Berdugo Limaldi and Parlakian recommended it. A good age to start is when the baby is about 9 months old, though infants can enjoy it at a younger age as well.

Interacting with baby seems to be the key to cultivating positive brain development.

“The real value of playtime with children is that it helps them master their first and important task of the early years: building a strong relationship with their parents,” Parlakian said. “It’s this strong, secure bond that children take with them as a model of relationships all their lives, and helps them build friendships, cooperate with others, work on a team, and establish strong romantic relationships much later on.”

“While these activities are all free and can be easy to fit into your everyday routine, the value of parent-child play is immense. These moments give children opportunities to practice and, over time, master the critical cognitive, communication, and social-emotional skills they need to succeed in school and life,” she added.

Source : healthline.com

In order to measure the full effect weight cycling can have on the body, researchers from the Catholic University of Korea reviewed the data of 6,748,773 people from the Korean National Health Insurance system.

The patients evaluated were generally healthy, and at the start of the study, did not suffer from diabetes, elevated blood pressure, or high cholesterol levels, nor did they have any previous heart attacks.

From 2005 to 2012, the researchers tracked the participants’ weight, blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

By the end of the study, 54,785 people had died, 22,498 had a stroke, and 21,452 had a heart attack.

Those whose weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels fluctuated, were 127 percent more likely to die, 43 percent more likely to have a heart attack, and 41 percent more likely to have a stroke.

Because the study was observational, it cannot provide an explanation as to why, specifically, the fluctuations in the participants’ measurements increased the risk for heart attacks and strokes.

However, there are some potential explanations as to why weight cycling can take such a toll on the body.

Sudden weight loss — and subsequent weight gain — can put a lot of stress on the body, some dietitians believe.

During restrictive diets, the body receives only a portion of the calories it needs to thrive, causing it to work hard to burn fat and muscle mass for energy.

As a result, the body experiences elevated levels of inflammation and cortisol, the hormone involved in stress and the body’s fight-or-flight response.

“Cortisol is the body’s alarm system, when the body is in danger, cortisol levels rise. It is well known that long-term elevation of cortisol can cause weight gain, increase anxiety or depression, increased cholesterol, blood pressure, and triglycerides,” Matt Edwards, a registered dietitian and a director of dietetics and nutritional science at GenoPalate.

The persistent fluctuations in cortisol that come with weight cycling could very well be contributing to the root cause of heart disease, Edwards suggested.

Those who are prone to participate in crash diets may be less likely to maintain long-term healthy lifestyle habits — alternating between binge eating and fad diets and healthy habits like exercise.

Instead of getting caught up in the immediate results that crash diets promise, many dietitians recommend taking a more long-term, healthful approach to weight loss.

“More research is certainly needed, but it adds to the growing body of evidence that yo-yo dieting isn’t healthy for the body,” Dr. Nicole Harkin, a board-certified cardiologist and lipidologist with Manhattan Cardiovascular Associates, said. “This should not deter individuals who are overweight or obese from attempting weight loss, but rather encourage them to select a dietary pattern that they can maintain.”

Some dietitians recommend following a plant-based diet — such as the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet — as there’s a growing pile of evidence suggesting that it’s the healthiest way to maintain a healthy body weight and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

“In my practice, I recommend patients adhere to a whole food, plant-based diet that is high in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. I encourage patients to minimize animal products, particularly processed meats, and refined/processed carbohydrates,” Harkin said.

If you aren’t ready to give up meat quite yet, Harkin recommends taking baby steps toward a plant-based diet. Perhaps this means abstaining from animal products during the week or simply cutting out meat one day at a time.

Lastly, make an effort to cook at home rather than dining out for every meal. All of the salt, oil, and butter used at restaurants — not to mention the oversized portions — can quickly add up and have a negative impact on your overall health.

Doctors and healthcare providers should keep an eye on their patients’ blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose level measurements, the researchers suggested.

If doctors detect any variability, it may be time to step in and assess the patient’s eating patterns and lifestyle habits.

“Trying to stabilize these measurements may be an important step in helping them improve their health,” Dr. Seung-Hwan Lee, senior author of the study and a professor of endocrinology at the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea, said in a statement.

This is the first study to suggest that high variability in weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels can have negative consequences on heart health in otherwise healthy individuals.

More research is needed to understand the cause-and-effect relationship between the fluctuations and cardiovascular health issues, and help doctors determine new, effective ways of managing weight.

We already know yo-yo weight loss is very stressful to the body — now we just have to figure out why.

A new study finds that fluctuations in weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar points to increased risk of cardiac events.

This is the first study to suggest that this kind of high variability can have negative consequences on heart health in otherwise healthy individuals.

More study is needed, but experts point out that these findings underscore how important it is for people to find a way to pick up healthy habits they can adopt for the long-term, not just a few weeks at a time.